Melbourne Immunotherapy Network Winter Retreat 2018

Breast-implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma - is this the one of a few non-viral antigenically driven T cell lymphomas? (#22)

Miles Prince 1
  1. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare form of T-cell lymphoma that occurs after implantation of breast prostheses typically after a relatively long latency . BIA-ALCL is notable for its aggressive histological appearance but a paradoxical predominance of clinical presentation with early stage disease and a relatively favourable prognosis when compared to its systemic counterpart. Whilst the underlying cause of BIA-ALCL is unknown, a possible contribution from chronic antigen stimulation by a unique implant-biofilm associated microbiome has been hypothesised. Genomic and functional characterisation of systemic ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) has revealed the importance of STAT3 activation, MYC expression, PRDM1/TP53 abnormalities and recurrent structural variants involving the DUSP22 and TP63 loci. By contrast, the genomic landscape of BIA-ALCL and its relevant pathogenic drivers are significantly less well characterised. We aimed to extend the understanding of this rare lymphoma by performing comprehensive genomic characterisation by targeted sequence variant detection, whole genome copy number assessment, T-cell receptor locus structural variant detection and T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing on a cohort of eleven cases of BIA-ALCL.